The dilemma for the dollar

November 13th, 2009 12:23pm

By Paul De Grauwe

The recent decline of the dollar against major currencies such as the euro and the Japanese yen has been spectacular. Even more spectacular, but often forgotten, is the long run decline of the dollar against the major currencies in the world. Since 1960 the dollar lost two thirds of its value against the Japanese yen, the Swiss franc and the German mark (since 1999 the euro).

The long-term decline of the dollar appears to be quite surprising especially considering that at least since the early 1990s the US has been seen to produce superior economic results, ie a higher productivity growth than most of Europe and Japan with more or less the same rates of inflation. Yet despite the appearance of superior economic performance the dollar has gone on losing value against currencies of countries deemed to have an inferior economic system. Where does this paradox come from? Continue reading "The dilemma for the dollar"

Further reading

October 19th, 2009 1:29pm

From the FT:

Goodbye, Macroeconomics - Eli Noam

The travesty of the commons - Christopher Caldwell on the field of Nobel winner Elinor Ostrom

The free market is not up to the job of creating work - Mort Zuckerman on US unemployment

Countdown to the next crisis is already under way - Wolfgang Münchau

Down but not out - Krishna Guha on the dollar

Elsewhere:

Cognitive Dissonance and Global Macroeconomics - James Kwak on rhetoric and reality in the global imbalances debate, at Baseline Scenario

Escaping the state should cost Lloyds - Peter Thal Larsen, Reuters

Herbert Hoover and the start of the Great Depression - Lee E. Ohanian on history VOXEU

No L - James Hamilton on having avoided an ‘L-shaped’ recovery, at Econbrowser

Goldman Turns Into a Financial Frankenstein While the Fed Snoozes Away - Huffington Post

A reflection on the G20 (The question never asked to Mr Zoellick) - Biagio Bossone on the legitimacy of the G20 for small nations, at VOXEU

The rumours of the dollar’s death are much exaggerated

October 14th, 2009 1:28am

It is the season of dollar panic. These panic-mongers are varied: gold bugs, fiscal hawks and many others agree that the dollar, the dominant currency since the first world war, is on its death bed. Hyperinflationary collapse is in store. Does this make sense? No. All the same, the dollar-based global monetary system is defective. It would be good to start building alternative arrangements.

Continue reading "The rumours of the dollar’s death are much exaggerated"

Further reading: The US economy

October 12th, 2009 2:50pm

From the FT:

Wolfgang Münchau: Making the case for a weaker dollar

Alan Rappeport: US trade gap unexpectedly narrows in August

Editorial comment: US jobs subsidies

Roger Altman: How to avoid greenback grief

John Authers: Manufactured surprises will keep stocks rolling

Elsewhere:

James Hamilton, Econbrowser: Will stimulating nominal aggregate demand solve our problems?

Brad Delong on the wisdom of more fiscal stimulus

Paul Krugman, NYT: The madness of the monetary hawks

James Kwak, Baseline Scenario: “What’s wrong with a phone call?” - How Wall Street influences Washington

Alan S. Blinder, VOX EU: 25 per cent of US jobs are offshorable

Further reading: The dollar

October 7th, 2009 5:30pm

From the FT:

Dave Shellock: Overview: gold hits record high as dollar tumbles

Martin Sandbu: The dollar: It would take a revolution to overthrow the greenback

Jennifer Hughes: Mighty dollar turns a paler green

Elsewhere:

Neal Kimberley, Reuters Blog: “Dollar demise”: Inexorable but not sudden

Menzie Chinn, Econbrowser: The Dollar in Doubt?

Simon Johnson, Peterson Institute: Obama’s secret jobs plan; the dollar plunge

Dean Baker, CEPR: Big Deficit Bob Rubin and the Strong Dollar

Will stimulus spending stifle recovery?

May 21st, 2009 4:53pm

By James W Dean and Richard G Lipsey

The enormous stimulus packages hastily put together by governments in most large economies encounter two sorts of criticisms from many conservative economists. Both criticisms are wrong.

The first is that spending will either be hurried and wasteful, or that it won’t come on stream until employment has recovered, and will therefore be inflationary. Continue reading "Will stimulus spending stifle recovery?"

US foreign policy and the global financial crisis

April 1st, 2009 7:29pm

The following is Martin Wolf’s testimony to the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations in the US, March 25, 2009

We are experiencing the most dangerous financial and economic crisis since the 1930s. But it is also a crisis for foreign policy: a deep recession will shake political stability a across the globe; and it threatens the long-standing US goal of an open and dynamic global economy. Perhaps most important, the US is currently seen as the source of the problem rather than the solution.

This crisis is, therefore, a devastating blow to US credibility and legitimacy across the world. If the US cannot manage free-market capitalism, who can? If free-market capitalism can bring such damage, why adopt it? If openness to the world economy brings such dangers, why risk it? As the shock turns to anger, not just in the US, but across the world, these questions are being asked. If the US wishes to obtain the right answers, it must address the crisis at home, and do what it can to rescue innocent victims abroad. This is not a matter of charity. It is a matter of enlightened self-interest.
Continue reading "US foreign policy and the global financial crisis"

How to solve the problem of the dollar

December 11th, 2007 11:00am

By Fred Bergsten

The world economy faces an acute policy dilemma that, if mishandled, could bring on the mother of all monetary crises. Many dollar holders, including central banks and sovereign wealth funds as well as private investors, clearly want to diversify into other currencies. Since foreign dollar holdings total at least $20,000bn, even a modest realisation of these desires could produce a free fall of the US currency and huge disruptions to markets and the world economy. Fears of such an outcome have risen sharply in both official circles and the markets.

However, none of the countries into whose currencies the diversification would take place want to receive these inflows. The eurozone, the UK, Canada and Australia among others believe that their exchange rates are already substantially overvalued. But China and most of the other Asian countries continue to intervene heavily to keep their currencies from rising significantly. Hence, further large shifts out of the dollar could indeed push the floating currencies far above their equilibrium levels, generating new imbalances and a possibly severe slowdown in global growth.

There is only one solution to this dilemma that would satisfy all parties: creation of a substitution account at the International Monetary Fund through which unwanted dollars could be converted into special drawing rights, the international money created initially by the fund in 1969 and of which $34bn-worth now exists. Such an account was worked out in great detail in 1978-1980 during an earlier bout of currency diversification and free fall of the dollar that closely resembled today’s circumstances.

The remainder of this column can be read here. Debate from our panel of economists appears below.