Despite clear risks to the future of oil sands amid a global move toward regulating carbon, ConocoPhillips and Total have launched a massive expansion of their joint venture in Canada’s vast oil sands. By 2015, the two plan to raise production to 110,000 barrels a day, which is four times current production.
There is no doubt the world needs more fuel, and Canada has it. The oil sands represent the largest proven oil reserve outside Saudi Arabia. But the energy is not as easy to tap into. The fuel starts out as solid bitumen, which must be mined, crushed, diluted and cleaned before it can be turned into ”synthetic crude” in a refinery. Either that or it is extracted by pumping steam into the ground to liquefy the reserves so they can flow to the surface – a process that requires the burning of natural gas to produce the steam, giving off carbon.



