Someone, somewhere, has been counting. They have counted, for example, the number of times Ben Bernanke has said ‘inflation’ in the past few years in his testimony to Congress (it has been falling, and the word ‘deflation’ doesn’t show up at all*).
Discussion of institutions is rising fast, however. ‘Federal’ and ‘reserve’ are the biggest winners – ‘federal’ was said 46 times in the latest speech, almost 7 times the wordcount three years ago, and double the wordcount six months ago. ‘Congress’ and indeed ‘institutions’ are new entrants, as is ‘system’. ‘Facilities’, not shown on chart, made a strong entrance this year, with a count of 18. Read more


Russia is getting richer. The rouble is gradually being allowed to strengthen, which will allow Russians to import more, addressing their trade surplus. The process is being carefully managed, however, with the central bank cushioning each move.
Chris Giles
Michael Steen
Robin Harding
Ralph Atkins
Claire Jones