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November 29th, 2007

Kosovo and the Russians

Perhaps there is something wrong with me - or I am badly missing the point. But I can’t help feeling a certain sympathy for the Russian position over Kosovo. All my friends who follow Russian foreign policy and/or the Balkans tell me I’m wrong and that the Putin government is behaving provocatively and irresponsibly. But, as far as I can see, it is the Russians who are sticking to the letter of the law.

Let me re-cap. The situation in Kosovo has been building steadily towards a crisis for months. By December 10 the Serbs and the Kosovars are meant to have reached an agreement. Everybody knows that this is not going to happen - and that the Kosovars will almost certainly declare independence soon after the breakdown of talks. At that point the US will in all probability recognise Kosovo, as will many EU countries (although not the EU itself).

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November 27th, 2007

Crackdown in Russia

The only thing that surprises me about the Russian government’s crackdown on the opposition ahead of the Duma elections on Sunday is how heavy-handed it is. President Putin is clearly keen to preserve the facade of Russian democracy and his party is cruising to victory anyway - so why bother?

An explanation of sorts was offered to me recently by Mikhail Kasyanov - once Putin’s prime minister, and now a leader of the increasingly fragmented and harried opposition. Kasyanov says that the current regime in the Kremlin is "based on the KGB spirit". He thinks that "Putin would win anyway, but the KGB mentality is risk averse. If they can eliminate risks, they’ll do it."

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November 27th, 2007

Column: Annapolis and a history of abject failure

Last time I visited Jerusalem, I sat down with a colleague and tried to see how many Middle East peace plans and conferences we could list. Within a couple of minutes we had scribbled down Venice, Madrid, Oslo, Camp David I, Camp David II, Taba, the Rogers plan, the Annan plan, the Reagan plan, the Tenet plan, the Saudi plan, the Mitchell report, the Geneva accord and the road map.

I have lost the beer mat on which I was keeping the minutes of our discussions – so I apologise if I have missed some out. But you get the general point. The record is not encouraging.

This long history of failure hangs over the latest peace conference, which convenes in Annapolis in the US this week. Each side has its favourite explanation for why peace has proved so elusive. The Arabs accuse the Israelis of bad faith and intransigence – and reproach the Americans for not putting enough pressure on the Jewish state. The Israelis blame the Palestinians for making impossible demands about refugees and Jerusalem, and never truly cracking down on terror. The real fatalists say that it may be impossible to create two viable states in such a small area.

The remainder of this column can be read here.  Comments can be made below.

November 26th, 2007

Book review: Life of a European mandarin

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Derk-Jan Eppink, a Dutch civil servant, has done something unique. He has written a genuinely entertaining book about the European Commission.

Of course, there is no shortage of books about the commission and the workings of the Brussels bureaucracy. But most of them are horribly dull. They are written by academics and aimed at other academics, or students or would-be eurocrats. Nobody would consider reading them for pleasure.

Eppink’s work is different for three reasons. First, he was a journalist before he was a civil servant: he can tell a story and has an eye for anecdotes. Second, although he thinks that the European Union is definitely a force for good, he does not have a religious belief in "the project". As a result, he is able to ask awkward - and important - questions about the future of the EU. Last but not least, he has a sense of humour.

Eppink can take something that sounds very dull - a discussion with a French trade unionist about the EU’s postal-services directive, for example - and turn it into an amusing story that tells you something important about how the EU operates. (In this case, that French trade unionists are a powerful and stubborn force working against economic liberalisation.)

You can read the remainder of this review here, and post a comment below.

November 24th, 2007

John Howard, Australia and the world

I met John Howard only once - at a breakfast in London - and he struck me as grumpy and charmless. I was obviously missing something. Howard was a phenomenally successful politician. He won four successive elections in Australia.

Now that he has finally lost, it is tempting to draw a general lesson - and there is an obvious one to hand. Foreign leaders who backed George Bush over Iraq have been punished. First Jose Maria Aznar, then Tony Blair. Now John Howard. One of Kevin Rudd’s first acts as Australian prime minister will be to start pulling troops out of Iraq.

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November 22nd, 2007

The falling dollar: possible political ramifications

I recently wrote a column on the political consequences of $100 oil, which drew quite successfully (I thought) on an earlier discusssion on this blog. So I would like to repeat the experiment.

There is no shortage of analysis of the global economic consequences of the falling dollar. But what about the global strategic consequences? Over the long term, a feeble currency is usually both a symbol and a cause of national decline. I’m not sure you can yet read anything too profound into the current movements in the currency markets, although Hugo Chavez is doing his best.

Still, even in the here-and-now, I think there could be political ramifications to the falling dollar. Off the top-of-my-head, here are four possibilities:

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November 21st, 2007

Smoking and British journalism

The great thing about British, as opposed to American journalism, is that in Britain you can get away with statements of monumental vagueness.Here is a fine example from this week’s Spectator. Norman Stone - a historian who once lectured to me (and others) at Cambridge, before emigrating to Turkey, via Oxford - is the author of this week’s Spec diary.

He writes that - "I have read somewhere that at the time of the Marshall Plan - announced when I was six in 1947 - we smoked 90% of our dollar earnings?" This statement prompts several questions:

a) Can you remember where you read this, Norman? b) By "we" do you mean the British population? c) What kind of a mind would try to calculate the percentage of Britain’s dollar earnings that was spent on fags? d) Does this figure sound even remotely plausible? e) What would happen to the Spectator if a New Yorker style fact-checker was let loose there?

Even at Cambridge in the 1980s, Stone stood out for the amount that he smoked and drank. His Spectator diary praises the Turks for their commitment to smoking. (And Ataturk, one of Stone’s heroes, was a pretty fiercesome drinker, as well.) As someone who has recently started smoking again, I suppose I should share Stone’s dismay at the current crackdown in Britain - in particular the rule against smoking indoors.

But, actually, I think I am in favour of the ban on lighting up in the office. The only time I get a breath of fresh air is when I have to go outside for a cigarette.

November 20th, 2007

Column: America loses faith in imperialism

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Well, that was quick. In 2003, the idea of empire became fashionable in Washington, DC. But the flirtation has lasted little more than three years. The imperial eagles are being put back in the cupboard. The challenge for the US now will be to avoid sliding straight from imperialism to isolationism.

It is true that President George W. Bush always insisted that the US had no imperial ambitions. But – as ever – his vice-president had his own agenda. In 2003, just after the invasion of Iraq, the Christmas card that Dick Cheney sent to his friends read: “And if a sparrow cannot fall to the ground without His notice, is it probable that an empire can rise without His aid?”

Many American conservatives were considerably less coy. Max Boot of the Council on Foreign Relations wrote an article frankly entitled: “The Case for American Empire”. Charles Krauthammer, an influential columnist, panted that America “is the dominant power in the world, more dominant than any since Rome. America is in a position to … create new realities.” Mr Krauthammer recommended that this be done by “unapologetic and implacable demonstrations of will”. In two influential books, Niall Ferguson, a British historian and FT contributing editor, sought to rehabilitate the reputation of the British empire and to suggest that liberal US imperialism “makes sense today in terms of both American self-interest and altruism”.

Continue reading this column here. You can post comments below.

November 19th, 2007

America’s unpopularity: the news is not all bad

Critics of the "war on terror" - like me - have a favourite cliche. The battle is ultimately about "hearts and minds". Bush has got it all wrong because he has "over-militarised" the conflict.

The conventional wisdom is that the US is going down to a catastrophic defeat in the battle for Muslim opinion. The recent resignation of Karen Hughes from the State Department - she was in charge of US public diplomacy - was seen as evidence of this.

But - actually - there is interesting evidence that America is doing a lot better on the hearts-and-minds front than is generally acknowledged. This first occurred to me a couple of weeks ago, when I was writing a column on Pakistan, and turned to the Pew polls of global opinion. Normally, if you are looking to prove American unpopularity around the world, Pew is a reliable source of bad news. And indeed, the approval ratings for America in places like Turkey and Pakistan - not to mention the Arab world - are as low as you might expect.

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November 16th, 2007

Malloch Brown: A minister under fire

When the British press get their teeth into you, it can be a nasty experience. Usually it is members of the royal family, models or footballers who get "monstered". But it can happen to government ministers too. And one who is definitely in trouble at the moment is Lord Malloch Brown - a senior minister at the Foreign Office with responsibility for Africa, Asia and the UN. I met him last night at a speech and dinner at the London School of Economics - and he was looking a little battered.

Malloch Brown was recently the subject of a cover article in the Spectator, claiming that he has become a serious embarrassment to the British government. The gist of the story was that the Americans hate him because of his behaviour at the UN, as Kofi Annan’s deputy. Malloch Brown is also accused of high living at public expense and of being too close to George Soros. Ominously for the newly ennobled minister, the support for him from his colleagues (both in public and private) has been distinctly luke-warm.

But if Malloch Brown is forced out of the government it would be ridiculous. I don’t particularly share his adoration of multilateral institutions. But if you talk to the man it is clear that he is serious, thoughtful and knowledgable. I have met so many brain-dead British foreign office ministers. It would just be absurd if - having finally found a Foreign Office minister who is clever and experienced - Britain decided to sack him.

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