Monthly Archives: September 2008

Never under-estimate the ability of Congress to muck things up. In the 1930s, the US Congress did a lot to turn a financial crisis into a depression by passing the Smoot-Hawley tariff act. Have America’s politicians just done it again, by rejecting the Paulson bail-out?

I suspect not – but only because I think that the market reaction last night was so strong that Congress will have to re-think and pass some version of the bail-out soon.

The Congressional naysayers, it seems to me, were motivated by three emotions: political fear, political pique and genuine ideological or practical reservations. The first two motivations will have been undermined by the collapse in the Dow after Monday’s vote. The huge fall in the stock market made the point that there is indeed a connection between the fate of Wall Street and the fate of Main Street in a much more eloquent fashion than any American politician has so far managed. Congressmen who feared being punished at the polls in November, if they voted for the package, may now have to recalculate.

The great Wall Street meltdown is a huge economic and financial event. But might it also signal a historic shift in global politics – a moment that both marks and accelerates the decline of American power?

I have just spent the past two weeks in China and India – and it is clear that the thought has occurred to many people there. Whatever the long-term economic impact on Asia of America’s financial crisis, a psychological shift is already evident.

The success of the Beijing Olympics in August and the failure of Wall Street in September has been a boost to Chinese self-confidence.

Pan Wei, director of the Center for Chinese and Global Affairs at Beijing university, mused aloud to me that: “My belief is that in 20 years we will look the Americans straight in the eye – as equals. But maybe it will come sooner than that. Their system is in chaos and they need our money to rescue them.”

Continue reading “Asia rides high – for the moment“.

Anyone who was hoping for some reassurance at this time of financial crisis, will not have got much from tonight’s presidential election debate. I thought the McCain-Obama exchanges on the Wall Street meltdown and the bail-out plan were feeble in the extreme.

At least Obama had four succinct points to make at the beginning, before getting sidetracked into debates about “earmarks” and other irrelevances. McCain gave the impression that he thought that the source of the problem is excessive spending in Congress. Or maybe he just knew that voters would respond to slogans about “pork-barrel spending” – and would get bored or irritated by complex talk of bail-outs. Still, the level of the discussion of the financial crisis was frankly depressing.

I also thought that McCain became noticeably more confident and coherent, once the discussion switched to foreign policy. While he was rambling on about the economy, I really thought his age was showing. But when the conversation switched to stuff he actually cares and knows about, he was quite sharp and effective.

As for Obama, I thought he was relaxed, coherent and showed flashes of humour. There were also flashes of silly populism – like the repeat of his pledge to eliminate US dependence on foreign oil within 10 years. But overall, I thought he did well.

However, let’s face it, I’m a foreigner sitting in an internet cafe at a conference in China. Who knows what Joe and Josephine Sixpack will make of it all.

The atmosphere was gloomy in Beijing this week – literally and metaphorically. When they weren’t worrying about poisoned baby milk (which is the scandal of the day), Beijing residents were complaining about the end of the traffic restrictions that were introduced just before the Olympics.

The city authorities kept the restrictions in force, even after the athletes departed. The rule was that only half the city’s cars could take to the roads on any single day – odd-numbered plates on one day, even-numbered the other. The effect was apparently dramatic. As one expat enthused to me – “You could breathe the air, you could see the mountains and you could hop into a taxi and get across the city in twenty minutes.” There was some official discussion about whether to keep the traffic restrictions in perpetuity. But the car-owning lobby won out.

And last Sunday it was back to traffic as normal. The locals I spoke to in Beijing were unanimous that they could feel the deterioration in the air quality immediately.

I arrived at the World Economic Forum in Tianjin a couple of hours ago. Tianjin, a couple of hours up the road from Beijing, is a modest little place – just 11.2m inhabitants.

Being a loyal company man, one of the first things I did was to log onto the FT website to get the latest on the great meltdown. I thought the most eloquent single fact was that a story headlining the “biggest bank failure in US history” (Washington Mutual) was only the third headline. Headlines four and five were also fairly eye-popping – the German finance minister calling the end of America’s days as a financial superpower, and the withdrawal of billions of dollars from Morgan Stanley.

My ooohing-and-aahing, as I read these stories in the forum’s internet cafe, was audible enough to attract a small crowd. A woman reading over my shoulder announced – “I recognise this. I am Argentinian. And this is just like Argentina.” She added that she had got used to Americans coming over to her country and giving advice about how to solve the latest financial crisis. “But now, I’ve got some advice for them. Make sure you don’t have too much money in any one bank. And take out a lot of cash and keep it in your house.”

No doubt I will hear all sorts of other useful advice when the formal sessions get underway tomorrow.

I am in Beijing. But even here it is hard to get away from the American presidential election campaign. This morning, in my role as all-purpose seer, I met a group of Chinese journalists. The first question I was asked was – “What do you think of McCain’s decision to suspend his campaign?” Since, the second question was – “When do you think the Chinese stock market will recover?” – I think I’ll answer the easy one .

 I’m doubtless revealing my bias here, but I think McCain’s decision is batty.

Obviously it’s all meant to fit in with the “Country First” theme. But I think it’s just a little too stagey for that. As Obama pointed out, a Friday night debate doesn’t take that long out of their schedules. In fact, Obama should have pressed home his advantage by offering to switch the debate to economic and domestic policy – rather than foreign policy as scheduled.

If McCain had been conducting a campaign of utmost sobriety and deliberation up until this moment – I think calling the debate off might have worked for him. The trouble is that in the past couple of weeks, he’s given the impression of making spur of the moment pronouncements and decisions. So at the beginning of the week, he is announcing that the US economy is fundamentally in good shape. By the end of the week, the crisis is so grave that it would be a dereliction of duty to honour his commitment to one of the hallowed traditions of a US election – the presidential debate.

I doubt that the debate will take place now – at least not this Friday. (Which is good from a narrowly personal point of view, since I’m meant to be chairing a session at the World Economic Forum at Tianjin, just as the two candidates mount the rostrum.) If McCain changed his mind, he would look weak and erratic. As it is, he just looks hot-headed and disingenuous.

  

Sitting in the front room of his suburban house in Delhi, Shri K. Subrahmanyam, the doyen of Indian strategic thinkers, sips some tea, coughs a little – and remembers the moment he decided that India must develop nuclear weapons. “It was on a visit to America in 1968,” he recalls. “I saw all the top strategic thinkers. Kissinger, who was still at Harvard at the time, Schelling; it was after that, that I decided we must have the bomb. As a matter of national survival.”

Some 40 years later, India is on the brink of becoming an accepted member of the nuclear-weapons club. Later this week Manmohan Singh, India’s courtly and academic prime minister, will meet President George W. Bush at the White House. This unlikely couple will shake hands and congratulate each other that the US-India nuclear deal has passed the Indian parliament and been accepted by the international Nuclear Suppliers Group. Eventual approval by the US Congress seems all but inevitable.

Under the deal, the US will drop its efforts to punish India for developing nuclear weapons – which were introduced after the country staged a nuclear test in 1974. India will now be able to buy nuclear material for civil use and – its critics fear – for the manufacture of more nuclear bombs.

Continue reading “Welcome to the nuclear club, India“.

I first visited Bangalore in 1996, when the information technology boom was just getting going. One of my stops 12 years ago was Infosys, an Indian IT company, which then employed roughly 3,000 people and had revenues of $30m a year. Revisiting the firm last Friday, I discovered that it now employs 97,000 people and has a market cap of about $20 billion.

Chatting to my hosts, we established that the man I had interviewed 12 years ago was none other than Narayana Murthy, the company’s co-founder. They were a bit startled that I couldn’t instantly recall his name. I suppose it’s a bit like turning up at Microsoft and vaguely remembering once having interviewed a chap with glasses – who turns out to have been Bill Gates.

Talking of American business icons, I then went on to visit the John F. Welch technology centre run by GE in Bangalore. The first time Welch, the legendary boss of General Electric, visited India – he had what you might call a gut reaction. He got a stomach bug so bad that he decided that he wanted nothing further to do with the country. Fortunately for GE and for India, he was eventually prevailed upon to change his mind. GE opened a research centre and technology park in Bangalore in 2000. It now employs 4,000 engineers – with a further 2,000 hires planned.

Like a lot of foreign journalists and business people who pass through Pakistan, I’ve stayed at the Marriott hotel in Islamabad – twice, in fact. Everybody knew that it was a target for terrorists. It has been attacked a couple of times already. I remember that when I mentioned to one Pakistan specialist that I was booked in at the Marriott, he winced and said – “Ask for a room at the back of the hotel”.

But the bombing that hit the Marriott today sounds as if it has pretty much demolished the whole place. The vast majority of the casualties are likely to be Pakistani Muslims – not that this ever seems to bother al-Qaeda or its affiliates.

I suspect that some analysts may link the bombing to the American incursions into the tribal areas over the past couple of weeks. But I think that would be a stretch. Terrorism has been a growing problem in Pakistan for some years. Nobody knows that better than Pakistan’s new president, Asif Ali Zardari – whose own wife, Benazir Bhutto, was murdered by terrorists earlier this year.

Such a massive strike in the heart of the Pakistani capital does, however, represent a big escalation. I wonder whether it will provoke the Pakistani government into throwing its own military more wholeheartedly into the struggle against the Pakistani Taleban?

Taking the Jet airways flight from Delhi to Mumbai (Bombay) does not feel very different from taking an inter-city shuttle flight in the US or Europe: New York to Washington say, or Barcelona-Madrid. There are the same young businessmen, plugged into their i-pods or watching portable DVD players, while their older peers scan the business newspapers. The only difference I noticed is that the Jet Airways food is rather better.

But what makes India so startling – and unsettling – is that i-pod India exists side by side with Mother Theresa India, a country of desperate poverty and medieval technology where some 450m people still live below the World Bank poverty line of $1.35 a day.

Step outside the business and bureaucratic bubble and Mother Theresa India grabs you by the arm – literally. The other night I went for dinner with a couple of colleagues in a crowded bit of Delhi. The restaurant was down a few side alleys and we swiftly attracted a swarm of small, begging children. It was the old dilemma. Do you give? Do you ignore? Do you try and brush off the the kids, who are clinging to you and howling. Once you have made it to the restaurant, all is air-conditioned cool – and you are back among the i-pod crowd. But the child beggars outside put those traditional restaurant dilemmas – do I have room for a creme brule? – into a new light.

The World

with Gideon Rachman

About this blog About Gideon Blog guide
Gideon Rachman and his FT colleagues debate international affairs. Read more on the authors.

Gideon became chief foreign affairs columnist for the Financial Times in July 2006. He joined the FT after a 15-year career at The Economist, which included spells as a foreign correspondent in Brussels, Washington and Bangkok. He also edited The Economist’s business and Asia sections.

His particular interests include American foreign policy, the European Union and globalisation
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